I’m now going to explain – and show – what I mean by the Rules

Rule #1 Explanation. Incredibly, I have gotten papers that have no direct relationship at all to the course the student is in. This should be self-explanatory. You submit a paper that is not directly related to the course you’re in, and you get a zero. Period. No excuses.

Rule #2 Explanation. Start with trying to get the title. TITLE of a course research paper is defined as: “The presentation of the essential segments of the paper.” Follow the instructions in “Tips on Selecting Your Research Title.”

Don’t make the reader guess EXACTLY what’s going to be in the paper, based upon your title. Spell it out, in great detail.
TIP: You can almost always do this by spelling out the WHO, WHAT, WHEN , WHERE, HOW and WHY.

Here is a too-short and unspecific title: “An Al Qaeda attack using weapons of mass destruction.”

The reader has almost no idea what that paper would contain. It doesn’t tell the reader when, where, how, what specific weapon, etc.

Here is the long -- correct – and specific title: An Al Qaeda Attack, Using Anthrax, in the New York Subway System, During the Morning Rush Hour, Utilizing Aerosol Dispensing, and How to Prevent Such an Attack.”

I. HOW TO SELECT YOUR RESEARCH TOPIC TITLE

Rule #1: The paper must directly relate to the course you’re in.

Rule #2: Make the title extremely specific. To do that, WRITE DOWN the essential segments of the paper and this will become BOTH your title AND the Table of Contents. The first chapter must be entitled Introduction and the last two entitled Summary and Conclusion, and Bibliography.
Rule #3: DO NOT put any questions ANYWHERE in the paper, and that includes the title and table of Contents, EXCEPT for questions that appear inside direct quotes you took from other sources, and anything in the Bibliography.

3 common abuses against animals

“Animal rights is the idea that the most basic interests of non-human animals should be afforded the same consideration as the similar interests of human beings,” according with the Encyclopedia Britannica. 2007. Having said that animals should not be thought as humans but they should be treated with the same consideration as humans. Contrarily to this statement animals currently are subject to different types of abuses. While most of the animals live in their natural habitat some born under cage or are captured and obligated to live under inhuman conditions and to learn skills that are not native to them for entertainment proposes. Even worse there is a group of animals that are used to test the effects of some products before they are offered to the public. Unfortunately also Industries who dedicates to produce animal meat for human consume use inappropriate methods to slaughter animals. These three types of abuse are the most common abuses to animals nowadays.
Animals are abused and exploited in diverse forms of entertainment. For example, animals are used in circuses, where elephants, lions, tigers, and other animals are obliged to perform acts that are dangerous for them in order to provide a few moments of human distraction. Likewise in marine parks, dolphins and orcas stay enclosed and sentenced to live in a reduced pool deprived of normal social and environmental interaction. Another example is zoos where, under the excuse of providing education, animals are exposed to inappropriate conditions. Most of these animals feel bored and lonely.
Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is another type of abuse to animals. Worldwide, it is estimated that 50 to 100 million animals are used annually in this type of experiments. Laboratories get the animals from dealers who obtain them from auctions and pounds or they just caught them in the wild. Universities, medical schools, Pharmaceutical companies among other usually provide this service. They argue that even computers are not useful to reproduce the necessary environment but some scientists have demonstrated that there exist some alternatives to animal testing that are very effective.
Animal slaughtering in industries and farms is another common type of abuse against animals. Slaughter is the term used to describe the killing and butchering of animals, usually for food. The most commonly animals killed for food are cows, sheep, pigs, chickens turkeys and ducks. These creatures are slaughtered using the most horrible and painful methods. The methods vary from chemical to electric. In the chemical method the animal is asphyxiated by using carbon dioxide gas. The mechanical method uses a gun to render the animal unconscious or death. Finally the electrical method uses electrical shots which didn’t even ensure the animal is unconscious.
These are only three of a long list of violations to animals’ rights. Unfortunately animals cannot talk and claim their rights even worse protect by themselves, but if they could express their feelings in words what would you think they would say?. We need to take some action and support organizations like PETA, which stands for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, who acts in defense of animal rights. Their slogan is "animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, or use for entertainment.". And to stop these abuses they suggest you avoid attending shows where animals are used as a way of entertainment. Buy only products that are not tested in animals. And finally support their campaigns against any kind of animals’ abuses. If we all join together I certainly believe better times will come for animals.

Allies

Definition:
Synonyms: associates, partners, followers
Sentences:
1. The US allies has been the difference against the war in the Middle East
2. The Virgin airlines associates and employees are threating with a strike
3. The law firm partners are complaining the lack of parking.

Downfall

Definition: something causing ruin, failure, etc
Synonyms: collapse, fail,
Sentences:

1. The downfall of the housing market affected the banking system.
2. The collapse of the housing market affected the banking system.
3. The faill of the housing market affected the banking system.

Mastermind

Definition: to plan and direct (a usually complex project or activity), esp. skillfully
Synonyms: Brain, architect, organizer
Sentences:
1. Mr. Smith was the mastermind of designing the car.
2. Sara is the brain of the criminal organization
3. Mr. Smith was the architect of designing the car.

Insurgents

Definition: a person who rises in forcible opposition to lawful authority, esp. a person who engages in armed resistance to a government or to the execution of its laws; rebel.
Synonyms: rebellious, revolutionary, mutinous
Sentences:
1. Iraqi insurgents attacked the American Embassy on Iraq again
2. The United States is making as much as possible to stop the rebellious in the middle East
3. Iraqi mutinous attacked the American embassy on Iraq again

Health Care Reform

Every day after arriving to home I normally take a tea with my mother in law and talk with her about our activities during the day. Sometimes we also talk about the news. This week the news mostly covered the Health Care Reform, so on Tuesday we shared our opinions about it. She said she doesn’t know exactly how it will affect her, but she trusts in Barak Obama and thinks the reform will bring positive changes. I explained her some of the features I heard in the news about the Health Care Reform. Registration fees for Insurances will decrease making them more accessible for people. Additionally adolescents will have access to their parents’ Health Insurance until the age of 26. Also people with disabilities finally will be able to have a Health Insurance. Those were only 3 of the benefits I could remember that day. She agreed with me about the positivism of the Health Care bill.
The next day, Wednesday, we talked about the new demands against the company Toyota. New cases were reported, but the curious thing was that they occurred six or seven years ago. She has a Toyota car so she feels worried about it. She said she will take her car to the mechanic for a general check. Even though she never experienced problems with her car she prefers to prevent any problems.

Skeptical

Definition: inclined to skepticism; having doubt
Synonyms: unconvinced, incredulous, doubtful
Sentences:
1. I’m a skeptical person when it comes to believing in myths.
2. Sara feels unconvinced to have been passed the course.
3. People is doubtful whether the Health care reform is a good change

Similarities and differences between Bolivia and USA

Thesis Statement: There are many differences in the life style between USA and Bolivia
I. INTRODUCCION
A. Life style comparison in 3 main areas
i. Work (similarities and differences)
ii. Family (similarities and differences)
iii. Health (similarities and differences)
II. BODY
A. Work
i. Work daily schedule
1. Bolivia -> 8:00-12:00 14:00-18:00
2. USA ->8 :00-16:00 normally more than 16:00
ii. Work on weekends
1. Bolivia = USA -> if work demands it
B. Family
i. Time to spend with family during the week
1. Bolivia -> Parents can take lunch with their families and spend time with them every day due to short distances
2. USA -> Parents cannot return to home for lunch, only after work in the evening due to large distances
ii. Time to spend with family during weekends
1. Bolivia=USA -> they go out for lunch/dinner, plan different activities
2. EJ: Go to parks, museums, cinema, shopping, etc
C. Health
i. to make an appointment
1. Bolivia ->people schedules an appointment one or 2 days before
2. USA -> people schedules an appointment 1 to 3 months before
ii. Quality of the Service
1. Bolivia -> good quality service
2. USA ->better
III. CONCLUSION
A. Very contrastive differences
B. Work schedules are lighter in Bolivia
C. Distances are a key on making Family ties stronger
D. USA offers a better quality health service
E. I prefer to live in Bolivia

COMPARE/CONTRAST ESSAY

Lifestyle is a term to describe the way a person lives, which originally coined by Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler in 1929. Countries have different types of living styles, but also some countries have similarities on some particular behaviors. When I first came to the United States one month ago, I did not notice these particular behaviors. Then only a week later I started to perceive some of them, and at the same time I started to compare them to the ones in my native country, Bolivia. The list of similarities and differences is extensive, but I want to highlight three areas I found really interesting: work, family and health.
In Bolivia the daily schedule at work is pretty flexible as it is divided in two periods. The morning starts at 8:00 and ends by 12:00. In the afternoon work is resumed by 14:00 and goes until 18:00. This gives them enough time to go home and eat lunch there. In contrast, in the United States companies’ schedules start around 8:00 and last until 16:00, sometimes more. Employees have a break for lunch, but they usually bring their lunch and eat it in the cafeteria or buy something nearby. Although during weekends both Bolivian and American employees usually don’t work unless the company demands it.
Another interesting comparison is the amount of time parents spend with their families. While parents in Bolivia have lunch at home daily with their families because of the short distances, American parents do not have the chance to return home due to the large distances and the traffic on the roads which reduces the time spent daily with their family. However they recover part of that time during weekends as they plan activities for their family and friends, like going to the cinema, going to a park, to shopping or simply going out for lunch same as parents do in Bolivia. It is very common in most families in the United States that both the mother and the father are employed full time and have the need to leave their child in a daycare house until he or she get the adequate age to attend school. On the other hand most families in Bolivia prefer to raise their children at home even if that would require the mother to leave her job temporarily.
The last comparison that caught my attention was people common behaviors related to health. Unlike Americans, Bolivian people use to make medical appointments with one or two days of anticipation and they usually get an available space. Americans have to call with at least 2 months of anticipation. Also people in the United States have a strong believe on “having a health insurance is a fundamental need,” that’s why they spend a considerable amount of time looking for the right health coverage. In contrast, families in Bolivia think of having a health insurance as an unnecessary monthly payment. That is because their top priorities are food and home.
To sum up, work schedules are less tight in Bolivia than in the United States. Distances play an important role in how much time parents spend with the ones they love. Finally when it comes about health it’s important to plan ahead if you live in USA. Based on this comparison where would you prefer to live and raise your children? What kind of lifestyle fits better with you? As far as now my balance bend to Bolivia maybe I will change my mind with the time.

Writing Task 2

The issue of children doing paid work is a complex and sensitive one. It is difficult to say who has the right to judge whether children working is ‘wrong’ or ‘valuable’. Opinions will also differ as to ‘learning’ benefits: no doubt teachers and factory owners, for example, would have varying concerns.

An important consideration is the kind of work undertaken. Young children doing arduous and repetitive tasks on a factory production line, for example, are less likely to be ‘learning’ than older children helping in an old people’s home. There are health and safety issues to be considered as well. It is an unfortunate fact that many employers may prefer to use the services of children simply to save money by paying them less than adults and it is this type of exploitation that should be discouraged.

However, in many countries children work because their families need the additional income, no matter how small. This was certainly the case in the past in many industrialized countries, and it is very difficult to judge that it is wrong for children today to contribute to the family income in this way.

Nevertheless, in better economic circumstances, few parents would choose to send their children out to full-time paid work. If learning responsibilities and work experience are considered to be important, then children can acquire these by having light, part-time jobs or even doing tasks such as helping their parents around the family home, which are unpaid, but undoubtedly of value in children’s development. (257 words)

Notes

These Part 2 questions normally would fit into four paragraphs.

Note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches.

Writing Task 1

The data shows the differences between developing and industrialised countries’ participation in education and science.

In terms of the number of years of schooling received, we see that the length of time people spend at school in industrialised countries was much greater at 8.5 years in 1980, compared to 2.5 years in developing countries. The gap was increased further in 1990 when the figures rose to 10.5 years and 3.5 years respectively.

We can see a similar pattern in the second graph, which shows that the number of people working as scientists and technicians in industrialised countries increased from 43 to 70 per 1,000 people between 1980 and 1990, while the number in developing countries went from 11 to 17.

Finally the figures for spending on research and development show that industrialised countries more than doubled their spending, from $160bn to $350bn, whereas developing countries actually decreased theirs, from $50bn down to $20bn.

Overall we can see that not only are there very large differences between the two economies but that these gaps are widening. (175 words)

Notes

This task naturally lends itself to five paragraphs. (Namely: Introduction, the three graphs and a brief conclusion).

Note the expression ‘we can see a similar pattern in the second graph’. This is useful to avoid repetition.